Watson, who in 1913 asserted that the discipline is a natural science, the theoretical goal of which "is the prediction and control of behavior." Since James defined "psychology", the term more strongly implicates scientific experimentation. However, this meaning was contested, notably by radical behaviorists such as John B.
In 1890, William James defined psychology as "the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions." This definition enjoyed widespread currency for decades. Ψ ( psi), the first letter of the Greek word psyche from which the term psychology is derived (see below), is commonly associated with the field of psychology. The dictionary refers to "Anatomy, which treats the Body, and Psychology, which treats of the Soul." In its Latin form psychiologia, it was first employed by the Croatian humanist and Latinist Marko Marulić in his book Psichiologia de ratione animae humanae ( Psychology, on the Nature of the Human Soul) in the decade 1510-1520 The earliest known reference to the word psychology in English was by Steven Blankaart in 1694 in The Physical Dictionary. The word psychology was first used in the Renaissance. The latter part of the word psychology derives from -λογία -logia, which means "study" or "research". The word psychology derives from the Greek word psyche, for spirit or soul. Yet others are involved in work on human development, aging, sports, health, forensic science, education, and the media. Another group of psychologists is employed in industrial and organizational settings. Typically the latter group of psychologists work in academic settings (e.g., universities, medical schools, or hospitals). Other psychologists conduct scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior. Many psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role, practicing psychotherapy in clinical, counseling, or school settings. By many accounts, psychology ultimately aims to benefit society. While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity. Some, but not all, clinical and counseling psychologists rely on symbolic interpretation. Research psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. Psychologists' interests extend to interpersonal relationships, psychological resilience, family resilience, and other areas within social psychology. Psychologists are involved in research on perception, cognition, attention, emotion, intelligence, subjective experiences, motivation, brain functioning, and personality. Others explore the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors. Some psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior. Some psychologists can also be classified as behavioral or cognitive scientists.
#Mind games body of proof professional
Ī professional practitioner or researcher involved in the discipline is called a psychologist. As social scientists, psychologists aim to understand the behavior of individuals and groups. Psychologists seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, linking the discipline to neuroscience. It is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between the natural and social sciences. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts.
Psychology is the study of mind and behavior in humans and non-humans.
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